Improvement in hot-water apparatus



' 4 Sheets-Sheet?. J. BROWN.

Steam Heater.

NQ. 10,982. Patented Mayv 3o. "1854.

NA PETERS. Pholu-ljlugnpher, Walhln'gun. D. C.

` 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.. .1. BROWN. y

Steam Heater.l l No. 10,982.. Famed ils/my so. 1854.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 3. J. BROWN.

Steam Heater.

No. 10.982. PatentedMay 30.71854.

Wifi/fesses; IMUBMZOT" JOHN BROVN, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

iMPRovEMENT'IN Hor-WATER APPARATUS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 10,982, dated May 30, 1854.

To @ZZ whom t may concern: I

Be it known that I, JOHN BROWN, manufacturer of apparatus for warming buildings,

' of the city, county, and State of New York,

have invented, made, and applied to use certain new and useful'lmproveinents in Apparatus for farming by Circulating Hot Water; and I hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the construction, operation, and effectof the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making part of this specification, Wherein- Figure l, Sheet l, is a side view of the apparatus with the inclosing wall removed. Fig.

.2, Sheet 2, is an elevation of the front end with the wall removed.l Fig. 3, Sheet. 3, is a like elevation of the back end of the apparatus. Sheet 4, Fig. 4 is a plan in section of the boiler and furnace with the horizontal flue removed, through line A B of Fig. 5,` Fig. 6 is which is a like sectional elevation. an elevation of the corrugated liue in the boiler. Fig. 7 is an elevation of the lower half of the boiler on the end opposite the furnace. Fig. 8 is an elevation of half of the boiler at the back end. Figs. 9 and 10 show the manner in which the pipes are set together at their ends, so as to form vertical ranges of circulating-pipes, each pipe lying nearly horizontally.

,The like marks of reference denote the same parts in all the figures.

A proper foundation of masonry or brick- VWork vis to be prepared, on which two walls C C are built parallel to each otherand of a height to receive the flanges l l on the sides of and supporting the furnace E and boiler F.

D is the back wall of the apparatus, and D is the front wall, through which is a chute' a with a door b, through which the apparatus is fed with fuel.

c is an ash-pit beneath the furnace, with a dividing-plate cl at the back end, on which is la rib sustaining this end of the grate-bars e,

the front ends of which rest on a cross-bar 2.

The furnace and boiler are to be cast together, there being no pressure but the hydrostatic Weight of water, and the case of the furnace is made double, to form a water-space f, through which is an opening corresponding with the chute a. The division between the furnace and boiler is formed with a circular opening 3, with a groove or recess formed in the metal around the opening, as seen in Figs. 4 and 5. The boiler itself is round, except where it is slightly flattened (see Fig. 3) to join the flanges 1, and the back end of the boiler is formed with a circular opening 4 similar to the opening 3. These openings 3 and 4 receive a circular tapering flue G, (see Figs. 3 and 6,) which may be either plain or corrugated in the man nershown. The smaller end of this flue is made as a short cylinder 5 i with a groove around its outside, matching to the opening 3, and a flange or collar 6 at the larger end corresponds with the opening 4, and the joints thus made are to be filled or packed with proper cement. It will be seen that by fitting in this flue, as shown, its upper side is parallel, or nearly so, with the top of the boiler, and a large surface for heating the water is obtained, whereas if a flue were fitted in on the axis of the boiler, the gratebars and fire-door would have to be lower down to prevent the coal from being thrown into the flue, whereas by inclining the conical flue upward, the same is fitted in as compactly andfsimply as possible; and by the con;

struction of joint shown, a simple and perma` nent arrangement is obtained, and that with very little cost in construction or fitting together. l

Beneath the boiler is a pipe h, connected byaiiange and bolts and running lengthwise of the boiler and then bending horizontally, terminating as a socket 7. (See Fig. 3.)

is a division-plate, cast with the pipe 71. and resting on the foundation. (See Figs. l and 3.)

The top of the boiler at the back end eX` tends beyond the end of' the boiler, as at 7c, and, with the flanges l, forms a connection to the brick-Work, which at this end is set olf from the boiler sufficient to forma flue within the back wall D and the inner wall'O, the wall at theouter angle being built so as to connect with one side of the boiler, .as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 3. The draft and heat from the lire `thus pass through the corrugated line G in the boiler into the fine Z between the boiler and wall C, crossing under the boiler at Z', Fig. l, returning along between the sides of the boiler and outer supporting-Wall C in the flue l2, and is finally led off by a descending flue Z3 to any proper chimney. Thus the heat is compelled to travel a long distance and operate on alarge amount of surface, and at the same time the part ot the furnace and boiler above the anges l is radiating oft heat into the receptacle for warm an.

g is a cover bolted onto the top of the furnace E, on which is a socket m, taking the lower end ot the vertical pipe n, on the upperend of which is abrauch pipe n to the nnder side of expansion and steam-box n2. This box has a small pipe 8, by which any steam that may be formed is led away, and another pipe 9 connects the circulating-pipe u (see Fig. 3) with any suitable reservoir at the proper level, in which a ball and cock supplies any evaporation or leakage. The pipe u is connected to a cross-pipe o by a socket 10. This pipe o sets on top of a vertical supporting plate or frame -r and has thimbles taking the return-bends p ot' the pipes q, which pipes q lie nearly horizontally, supported by the frames fr, the end connecting with the pipe neXt above being formed slightly higher than the other end to allow of the escape of air. These pipes q are set in ranges or tiers vertically in the-frames r, so that the water in the lapparatus being heated in the boiler ascends through the pipe 'm into the cross-pipe o, and then circulates backward and forward through the ranges of pipes, descending asit cools, and being returned to the boiler by the pipes s, u, and 7L. The pipes s and u have thimbles s', connecting to the ends of the horizontal pipes, and the pipe s, which is over the back end of the boiler, is connected by a vertical pipe t to thel pipe u, which passes through the innerwall C.

The side walls H inclosing the apparatus Vare made hollow to form air-passages v, and

the covering ot' the apparatus is also to be made hollow, as at I, through which are the openings K, connecting to the interior ofthe nation.

In all other hot-water apparatus with which I am acquainted the connection between each pipe and the one above it was made either by a return-bend screwed on by flanges and bolts or by a curved socket connected by a joint to each end of each pipe; but it will be seen by my mode ot' making the return-bends p, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, by curving the return-pipe around from the top ot the pipe q of a size to enter within thenext pipe above, and forming the pipe q the same diameter from end to end, that they will pass the openings in the supportingplates r, which thus do notrequire to be large to pass flanges or sockets on the ends of the pipes, and the pipes can be set so much closer together and expose so much more surface for the size of the apparatus and the bends p, turning around and passing into the end of the next pipe aboveg-but one joint has tobe packed with cement instead of two, which is the case where a separate curved elbow is used. Thus the apparatus is rendered more compact, efficient, and cheap. At the same time the returnbends p, commencing at the top or highest end of each pipe, allow all air to pass oit as l the apparatus is filled with water; but where a separate return-bend is used, either set into the ends of the pipes or bolted on, there is almost always a space in which air remains and will expand when heated, bubbling up through the apparatus and interfering with the circulation.

It will be evident that by the construction and arrangement. of theboiler herein set forth with the inclined flue G the advantage is obtained of giving the requisite amount of depth below the opening -into the fine G for the tire without having to raise the whole boiler, as would be the case if the axis of the fille G were horizontal; and by the arrangement of the water box and pipes the water does not all circulate through the box, but the box merely receives the bubbles of' steam and supplies any evaporation or leakage, keeping the requisite hydrostatic pressure in the pipes to consolidate the column of water, so that the same will circulate freely.

Vhat I desire to secure by Letters Patent 1s- 1. The curved retur11-bendsp,for1ned with and on the upper part of the end of each pipe to pass into and connect with the next pipe above, thereby allowing of the pipe q being the full size ot' any fiange or socket that would be needed with a separate elbow, eX- posing more surface for the size of the apparatus and preventing air remaining in the apparatus, as described and shown.

2. The construction and arrangement of the apparatus forthe purposes and substantially as specified.

In witness whereof VI have hereunto set my signature this 15th day of May, 1852.

JOI-IN BROWN.

Witnesses:

LEMUEL W. SERRELL, (/HAnLns TnNcELLENr. 

